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History MCQ, Class-10th, Chapter-2, Nationalism in India
NCERT Based Science MCQ, Class-10th
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What defined global interconnectedness in the pre-modern world?
(a) Industrial production
(b) Trade, migration, and cultural exchanges
(c) Modern banking
(d) Fixed currency systems
Explanation: Pre-modern societies were linked by trade, migration, and cultural exchanges, with traders, pilgrims, and travelers carrying goods, ideas, and diseases across Asia, Europe, and Africa.
2. Which trade connected the Indus Valley to Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE?
(a) Silk route trade
(b) Maritime trade
(c) Overland caravan trade
(d) Trans-Saharan trade
Explanation: Maritime trade via the Persian Gulf linked the Indus Valley with Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE, exchanging goods like beads and metals, fostering early global trade networks.
3. Which currency was widely used in pre-modern Indian Ocean trade?
(a) Gold coins
(b) Cowrie shells
(c) Silver bars
(d) Copper coins
Explanation: Cowrie shells from the Maldives served as currency in pre-modern Indian Ocean trade, reaching China and East Africa, facilitating economic exchanges across vast regions.
4. What does a tenth-century Goa memorial stone with a ship image signify?
(a) Naval conquests
(b) Maritime trade
(c) Religious voyages
(d) Coastal settlements
Explanation: The ship image on a tenth-century Goa memorial stone highlights the importance of maritime trade along India’s western coast, reflecting vibrant oceanic commerce.
5. What were the silk routes primarily known for in pre-modern times?
(a) Spreading Christianity
(b) Trading Chinese silk
(c) Colonizing regions
(d) Mining gold
Explanation: The silk routes, active before the Christian Era, were renowned for trading Chinese silk westward, connecting Asia with Europe and North Africa through commerce.
6. Which Indian goods were traded via the silk routes?
(a) Tea and pottery
(b) Textiles and spices
(c) Wheat and rice
(d) Gold and silver
Explanation: Indian textiles and spices were key exports along the silk routes, alongside Chinese silk, fostering trade and cultural exchanges across Asia and Europe.
7. Who spread Buddhism along the silk routes from India?
(a) Christian missionaries
(b) Muslim traders
(c) Buddhist monks
(d) European explorers
Explanation: Buddhist monks from eastern India traveled the silk routes, spreading Buddhism across Asia, contributing to cultural exchanges long before other religious groups.
8. What likely influenced the development of pasta in Italy?
(a) Indian flatbreads
(b) Chinese noodles via trade routes
(c) American maize
(d) African grains
Explanation: Chinese noodles, carried by trade routes possibly via Arab traders to Sicily, likely influenced pasta’s development, illustrating pre-modern global food exchanges.
9. Which crop from the Americas transformed European diets?
(a) Soya
(b) Potato
(c) Rice
(d) Wheat
Explanation: The potato, introduced from the Americas post-Columbus, became a staple for Europe’s poor, improving diets but leading to crises like the Irish Potato Famine.
10. What caused mass deaths during the Irish Potato Famine (1845–1849)?
(a) Wheat disease
(b) Smallpox epidemic
(c) Potato crop failure
(d) Flood disasters
Explanation: A potato disease caused the Irish Potato Famine, killing about one million people due to starvation, as Ireland heavily relied on potatoes, prompting mass emigration.
11. How did European sea routes to Asia impact global trade in the sixteenth century?
(a) Reduced trade volumes
(b) Shifted trade flows to Europe
(c) Ended silk route trade
(d) Isolated Asia
Explanation: European sea routes to Asia in the sixteenth century redirected Indian Ocean trade toward Europe, enhancing its role in global commerce and wealth accumulation.
12. What facilitated European conquest of the Americas in the sixteenth century?
(a) Advanced artillery
(b) Smallpox and diseases
(c) Indigenous alliances
(d) Superior navigation
Explanation: Smallpox and other European diseases decimated America’s indigenous populations, who lacked immunity, weakening resistance and enabling European conquest.
13. How did silver from Peru and Mexico impact sixteenth-century trade?
(a) Financed Europe’s Asian trade
(b) Boosted African economies
(c) Reduced global trade
(d) Stabilized local currencies
Explanation: Silver from Peruvian and Mexican mines enriched Europe, financing its trade with Asia, transforming global trade networks and boosting European wealth.
14. What was a key outcome of the Spanish conquest of the Americas?
(a) Spread of Buddhism
(b) Introduction of new crops
(c) Decline in trade
(d) Rise of African empires
Explanation: The Spanish conquest introduced crops like maize, potatoes, and tomatoes to Europe and Asia, reshaping global diets and agriculture post-Columbus.
15. Why was smallpox devastating in the Americas?
(a) Poor sanitation
(b) Lack of immunity
(c) Overcrowded settlements
(d) Inadequate medicine
Explanation: America’s indigenous populations, isolated for millennia, had no immunity to smallpox, leading to massive deaths and aiding European colonization in the sixteenth century.
16. What drove European migration to America in the eighteenth century?
(a) Industrial growth
(b) Religious and economic distress
(c) Political stability
(d) Educational opportunities
Explanation: Religious persecution and economic hardships, including poverty, drove thousands of Europeans to America, where they worked on plantations growing cotton and sugar.
17. Why did China limit overseas contacts from the fifteenth century?
(a) To expand trade
(b) To focus on internal development
(c) To promote exploration
(d) To counter Europe
Explanation: China restricted overseas contacts from the fifteenth century to prioritize internal development, shifting the global trade center westward toward Europe and the Americas.
18. What followed the abolition of Britain’s Corn Laws in the nineteenth century?
(a) Higher food prices
(b) Cheaper food imports
(c) Increased rural wages
(d) Reduced migration
Explanation: Abolishing the Corn Laws allowed cheaper food imports, reducing British agricultural competitiveness, lowering food prices, and driving rural workers to cities or abroad.
19. What infrastructure boosted global food production in the nineteenth century?
(a) Telegraph systems
(b) Railways and steamships
(c) Irrigation canals
(d) Factory lines
Explanation: Railways linked farms to ports, and steamships enabled faster, cheaper food transport from America and Australia to Europe, expanding global agricultural trade.
20. How many Europeans migrated to America and Australia in the nineteenth century?
(a) 20 million
(b) 50 million
(c) 80 million
(d) 120 million
Explanation: About 50 million Europeans migrated to America and Australia in the nineteenth century, driven by economic opportunities and labor demand in agricultural settlements.
21. What resulted from Britain’s nineteenth-century food import policy?
(a) Rural prosperity
(b) Rural unemployment
(c) Higher food prices
(d) Reduced trade
22. What transformed west Punjab’s semi-desert lands for agriculture?
(a) Mechanized farming
(b) Irrigation canals
(c) New crop varieties
(d) Chemical fertilizers
23. Which technology enabled perishable food transport to Europe?
(a) Steamships
(b) Refrigerated ships
(c) Railways
(d) Airships
24. How did refrigerated ships affect European diets in the nineteenth century?
(a) Reduced grain intake
(b) Lowered meat prices
(c) Limited dairy imports
(d) Increased vegetable costs
25. What was a negative impact of nineteenth-century trade expansion?
(a) Technological decline
(b) Loss of colonial freedoms
(c) Reduced global trade
(d) Increased local production
26. How were Africa’s colonial borders drawn in the late nineteenth century?
(a) Based on tribal regions
(b) Arbitrarily at the Berlin Conference
(c) Following rivers
(d) Through local agreements
27. What was the purpose of Sir Henry Morton Stanley’s African explorations?
(a) Scientific discovery
(b) Missionary outreach
(c) Imperial conquest
(d) Trade route development
28. What was the impact of rinderpest in 1890s Africa?
(a) Boosted cattle trade
(b) Devastated cattle and livelihoods
(c) Increased crop yields
(d) Promoted urbanization
29. How did rinderpest reach Africa in the late 1880s?
(a) Local cattle mutations
(b) Infected cattle from British Asia
(c) European livestock
(d) African trade routes
30. What forced Africans into wage labor after rinderpest?
(a) New job opportunities
(b) Loss of cattle-based livelihoods
(c) Urban industrial growth
(d) Improved farming methods
31. Where were most Indian indentured laborers recruited from?
(a) Punjab and Gujarat
(b) Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
(c) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(d) Rajasthan and Haryana
32. Which region was a primary destination for Indian indentured laborers?
(a) North America
(b) Caribbean islands
(c) South Africa
(d) Europe
33. Why was nineteenth-century indentured labor called a ‘new system of slavery’?
(a) It was voluntary
(b) Harsh conditions and limited rights
(c) High wages offered
(d) Government protections
34. What cultural event in Trinidad fused Indian and local traditions?
(a) Diwali festival
(b) Hosay carnival
(c) Calypso music
(d) Rastafarian rituals
35. What musical form emerged from Indian indentured laborers in the Caribbean?
(a) Reggae
(b) Chutney music
(c) Soca
(d) Salsa
36. Why was Indian indentured labor abolished in 1921?
(a) Economic surplus
(b) Nationalist opposition
(c) Reduced labor demand
(d) Improved conditions
37. Who financed export agriculture in Central and Southeast Asia?
(a) British banks
(b) Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars
(c) American investors
(d) Colonial governments
38. What did Hyderabadi Sindhi traders establish at global ports in the 1860s?
(a) Factories
(b) Curio emporia
(c) Plantations
(d) Shipping firms
39. Why did Indian textile exports decline by the mid-nineteenth century?
(a) Increased local demand
(b) British tariffs and industrialization
(c) Raw material scarcity
(d) Chinese competition
40. What was India’s largest export in the early nineteenth century?
(a) Textiles
(b) Opium
(c) Indigo
(d) Wheat
41. How did Britain use its trade surplus with India in the nineteenth century?
(a) Funded Indian infrastructure
(b) Balanced global trade deficits
(c) Reduced colonial taxes
(d) Boosted local industries
42. What were Britain’s ‘home charges’ paid from India’s trade surplus?
(a) Military costs
(b) Official remittances and pensions
(c) Infrastructure projects
(d) Educational reforms
43. What marked the First World War as a modern industrial war?
(a) Limited weaponry
(b) Extensive industrial weaponry
(c) Traditional tactics
(d) Small-scale battles
44. How did the First World War affect Europe’s workforce?
(a) Increased employment
(b) Reduced able-bodied workers
(c) Stabilized wages
(d) Boosted agriculture
45. What role did women assume during the First World War?
(a) Led political reforms
(b) Took men’s traditional jobs
(c) Managed farms
(d) Controlled industries
46. How did the First World War alter the US’s global economic status?
(a) From creditor to debtor
(b) From debtor to creditor
(c) From industrial to agricultural
(d) From neutral to isolated
47. Why did Britain face economic challenges after the First World War?
(a) Increased exports
(b) Loss of markets to Japan and India
(c) Reduced debts
(d) Stable trade networks
48. What caused the post-war agricultural crisis in eastern Europe?
(a) Labor shortages
(b) Wheat overproduction
(c) High tariffs
(d) Technological decline
49. Who pioneered mass production in the US in the 1920s?
(a) Andrew Carnegie
(b) Henry Ford
(c) Thomas Edison
(d) John D. Rockefeller
50. How did Henry Ford improve worker retention?
(a) Reduced hours
(b) Doubled wages
(c) Offered stocks
(d) Improved conditions